<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="psychiatry" lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
<issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">133</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2022.21211</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Psychiatry</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological Strategies and Challenges in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bajabir</surname>
<given-names>Doaa</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Almurayyi</surname>
<given-names>Ethar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alrashidi</surname>
<given-names>Amirah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alshahrani</surname>
<given-names>Ibrahim</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Almutairy</surname>
<given-names>Adel</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alqahtani</surname>
<given-names>Saad</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alqurashi</surname>
<given-names>Ghaidaa</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alattas</surname>
<given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nawb</surname>
<given-names>Yara</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alshammari</surname>
<given-names>Bader</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alahmari</surname>
<given-names>Sultan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>25</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>576</fpage>
<lpage>581</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness that is characterized by mixed, hypomanic/manic, and depressive episodes with periods of inter-episodic recovery. Three-quarters of the approximately 50% of follow-up weeks with therapy that have clinically significant residual morbidity are attributed to depressive aspects of the illness that have proven particularly challenging for successful treatment. Some patients do not react to treatment completely, and their long-term prognosis is marked by frequent relapses and persistent symptoms, which results in considerable disability and functional impairment. Failure to achieve prolonged symptomatic remission for 8 consecutive weeks after two different therapeutic strategies, at appropriate therapeutic doses, with at least two prescribed monotherapy treatments or at least one monotherapy and another combination treatment are marked as treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Only a few therapies have proven to be successful in treating treatment-resistant bipolar depression, which has been documented in around one-quarter of people with bipolar disorders. The most typical clinical method for the management of treatment-resistant bipolar patients involves a multidrug combination, for which lithium or valproate plus a second-generation antipsychotic is the optimal treatment. Ketamine, lurasidone, lamotrigine, risperidone, aripiprazole, valproate and their combinations are some of the effective pharmacological approaches for the management of treatment-resistant bipolar depression although more study is required, primarily concentrating on tailoring current therapies to maximize response and remission rates. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about pharmacological strategies and challenges in treatment-resistant bipolar depression.
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>bipolar</kwd>
<kwd> treatment</kwd>
<kwd> resistant</kwd>
<kwd> depression</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>