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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">347</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41226</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Role of Photobiomodulation in Postoperative Recovery of Facial Procedures&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Thobaiti</surname>
            <given-names>Yasser Eid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Batwa</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alghawi</surname>
            <given-names>Jinan Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljamaan</surname>
            <given-names>Rodina Fahad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhowaiter</surname>
            <given-names>Fawaz Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhejaili</surname>
            <given-names>Manar Abdulaziz</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshammari</surname>
            <given-names>Shouq Zaid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>847</fpage>
      <lpage>854</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has gained significant attention as a non-invasive modality for enhancing postoperative recovery, particularly in facial procedures. PBM utilizes light at specific wavelengths to interact with mitochondrial chromophores, promoting cellular repair, reducing inflammation, and alleviating pain. The therapy’s mechanisms involve stimulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulating cytokine activity, leading to improved wound healing and tissue regeneration. By enhancing angiogenesis and lymphatic drainage, PBM effectively addresses common postoperative challenges such as edema and bruising, particularly relevant for facial surgeries where cosmetic outcomes are critical. Applications of PBM extend across a spectrum of facial procedures, including cosmetic surgeries, maxillofacial reconstructions, and minimally invasive treatments such as laser resurfacing. It reduces pain by modulating nociceptive pathways and promoting the release of endogenous opioids, while its anti-inflammatory effects minimize swelling and expedite recovery. PBM also enhances scar quality by stimulating fibroblast activity and promoting balanced collagen synthesis, preventing the formation of hypertrophic scars. Comparative studies across procedures highlight PBM’s adaptability, with tailored dosages optimizing outcomes based on tissue depth and procedural complexity. Evidence supports its role in reducing recovery times, improving aesthetic results, and enhancing patient satisfaction. Despite its potential, variations in treatment protocols emphasize the need for standardized guidelines to maximize its clinical utility. PBM offers a promising adjunctive approach to postoperative care, contributing to improved outcomes across diverse facial interventions.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Photobiomodulation</kwd>
        <kwd> facial procedures</kwd>
        <kwd> postoperative recovery</kwd>
        <kwd> wound healing</kwd>
        <kwd> scar reduction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>