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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">363</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41242</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Effect of Obesity on Salivary Composition and Dental Health in Children&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljaffar</surname>
            <given-names>Eman Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alnasser</surname>
            <given-names>Shoruq Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshahri</surname>
            <given-names>Sarah Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kholedi</surname>
            <given-names>Yara Ahmed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Altuwalah</surname>
            <given-names>Saad Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsadah</surname>
            <given-names>Nidaa Hisham</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>964</fpage>
      <lpage>969</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern with implications that extend beyond systemic health, significantly affecting oral health. This connection is mediated by changes in salivary composition, which disrupt the oral environment and contribute to conditions such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. Obesity-related metabolic and inflammatory alterations manifest in the saliva, reducing its flow and buffering capacity, which are critical for maintaining oral homeostasis. The acidic environment created by lower salivary pH, coupled with reduced antimicrobial proteins, fosters the proliferation of acidogenic and pathogenic bacteria, increasing the risk of enamel demineralization and biofilm formation. Elevated levels of salivary glucose and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, further exacerbate the risk by promoting bacterial colonization and gingival inflammation. Additionally, oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygen species, are elevated in the saliva of obese children, contributing to tissue damage and impairing repair mechanisms in periodontal tissues. Hormonal dysregulation, such as elevated salivary leptin levels, also plays a role in exacerbating periodontal inflammation and destruction. Dietary patterns commonly associated with obesity, such as high sugar intake, further compound these effects, creating a cyclical relationship between systemic metabolic health and oral health. Understanding the interplay between obesity, salivary composition, and oral diseases highlights the need for multidisciplinary prevention and intervention strategies, including promoting healthy diets, improving oral hygiene, and addressing systemic inflammation. These insights are critical for mitigating the long-term oral and systemic health consequences of obesity in children.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Childhood obesity</kwd>
        <kwd> salivary composition</kwd>
        <kwd> dental caries</kwd>
        <kwd> periodontal health</kwd>
        <kwd> oral inflammation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>