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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="pharmaceutical-science" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">376</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41255</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Pharmaceutical Science</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluating the Impact of Drug-Drug Interactions in Polypharmacy Strategies for Safe Medication Management&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AlJassas</surname>
            <given-names>Sharifah Mansour</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alzaidi</surname>
            <given-names>Naif Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Algharqan</surname>
            <given-names>Sadeq Mansour</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljawad</surname>
            <given-names>Saeed Hasan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsofyani</surname>
            <given-names>Basem Modheef</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hadadi</surname>
            <given-names>Fatimah Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>1051</fpage>
      <lpage>1056</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Polypharmacy, a common practice in managing complex and chronic medical conditions, is often accompanied by significant risks of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). These interactions can result in adverse clinical outcomes, including reduced therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and increased hospitalization rates, especially in vulnerable populations such as older adults and patients with multimorbidities. The mechanisms underlying DDIs are multifaceted, involving both pharmacokinetic alterations, such as enzyme induction or inhibition, and pharmacodynamic interactions, which may lead to additive or antagonistic effects. Risk factors include patient-specific variables like age, genetic predispositions, and organ function, as well as systemic issues such as fragmented care and inconsistent medication monitoring. To address these challenges, healthcare systems are employing strategies that prioritize safety and efficacy. Comprehensive medication reviews conducted by pharmacists are pivotal in identifying high-risk combinations and deprescribing unnecessary medications. Technological advancements, including clinical decision support systems integrated with electronic health records, enhance the ability to detect and prevent DDIs in real-time. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers fosters a more cohesive approach to managing complex medication regimens. Patient education is equally crucial, emphasizing the importance of adherence and awareness of potential interactions with over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Emerging tools, such as pharmacogenomics, offer promising opportunities for personalized medication management, tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles to minimize interaction risks. Despite progress, barriers such as limited integration of technologies and variations in provider training persist, necessitating continuous research and refinement of these strategies to ensure optimal patient outcomes.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Polypharmacy</kwd>
        <kwd> drug-drug interactions</kwd>
        <kwd> medication safety</kwd>
        <kwd> clinical decision support</kwd>
        <kwd> pharmacogenomics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>