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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="internal-medicine" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">434</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.50902</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Internal Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Moyamoya Syndrome in A 65-Year-Old With COVID-19: A Case Report&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assahafi</surname>
            <given-names>Juwain Y.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alzahrani</surname>
            <given-names>Haneen A.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assahafi</surname>
            <given-names>Wajd Y.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bohkari</surname>
            <given-names>Asmaa Y.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alelyani</surname>
            <given-names>Ali M.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljunied</surname>
            <given-names>Aseel A.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqarni</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulmoeen M.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>476</fpage>
      <lpage>482</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an unusual vasculopathy in which the blood vessels of the brain become occluded, resulting in the formation of collateral vessels, and leading to seizures or strokes. Moyamoya Syndrome (MMS) is a result of MMD caused by an underlying pathology. While it is uncommon for MMS to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infections, Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) can be caused or exacerbated by inflammatory mediators.&#13;
&#13;
Case presentation: Our case reports MMS in a 65-year-old male patient with COVID-19 and a medical background of diabetes, hypertension, and Parkinson’s disease. A magnetic resonance angiograph revealed changes in the microvasculature that fit the criteria of MMD. The patient was unresponsive to treatment and was declared dead due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, post-arrest brain anoxia, and multi-organ failure.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion: It is difficult to conclude that COVID-19 can cause MMD with certainty; However, as MMD occurs secondary to immune dysregulation, there is enough evidence to emphasize the importance of considering the development of MMS secondary to COVID-19.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Moyamoya disease</kwd>
        <kwd> MMD</kwd>
        <kwd> COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd> cerebrovascular disorder</kwd>
        <kwd> Angiogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd> stroke</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>