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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="anaesthesia" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">437</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.51001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Anaesthesia</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictive Factors for Respiratory Depression Following Fentanyl Administration in Pediatric Patients&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Felemban</surname>
            <given-names>Essam</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alosfur</surname>
            <given-names>Ziyad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alghamdi</surname>
            <given-names>Naish</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alrumaih</surname>
            <given-names>Fahd</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshehri</surname>
            <given-names>Ghadah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Malawi</surname>
            <given-names>Ola</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>yami</surname>
            <given-names>Montaha Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshammari</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulaziz</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <fpage>499</fpage>
      <lpage>506</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Fentanyl is a potent opioid agonist developed for analgesic procedures. It is used for both acute and chronic moderate-to-severe pain. Fentanyl has a rapid onset and short duration of action, making it the preferred analgesic option for various situations. It alters pain response by binding to opioid receptors. Fentanyl carries a high risk for overdose, resulting in various complications, such as impaired consciousness and respiratory depression. Deaths due to fentanyl poisoning mainly occur due to respiratory depression. Children are susceptible to accidental exposure to fentanyl overdose, and due to their special developmental needs, the mortality risk due to fentanyl overdose is higher in this population than in adults. However, limited evidence is available regarding fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in children. This review aims to discuss fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in children and its predictive factors. Although opioids act on the same receptor, fentanyl leads to more severe respiratory effects. While morphine and heroin decrease respiratory rate without affecting tidal volume, fentanyl reduces both respiratory rate and tidal volume. The same doses of fentanyl via the same route of administration achieved higher plasma concentrations in children than in adults. Neuromuscular diseases and obstructive sleep apnea increase the risk of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in children. Predictive factors for fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in children also include age, co-administration of sedatives, and genetic polymorphisms affecting metabolism. Future research should prioritize improving risk assessment tools and validating predictive models to optimize fentanyl use while minimizing harm in pediatric patients.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Fentanyl</kwd>
        <kwd> Respiratory depression</kwd>
        <kwd> Fentanyl-induced respiratory depression</kwd>
        <kwd> Children</kwd>
        <kwd> Pediatric patients</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>